ABAP Application Logging: BAL, CL_BAL_LOG, SLG1

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ABAP-Statements

Veröffentlicht

Nov 24, 2025

autor

Das Application Log (BAL) ist das Standard-Framework für persistente Protokollierung in SAP. Logs werden in der Datenbank gespeichert und können über Transaktion SLG1 angezeigt werden.

Grundkonzept

Element	Beschreibung
Log Object	Gruppierung (z.B. Anwendung) - in SLG0 pflegen
Sub-Object	Unterkategorie des Log Objects
Log Handle	Eindeutige ID einer Log-Instanz
Message	Einzelne Protokollnachricht
SLG1	Transaktion zur Log-Anzeige

Nachrichtentypen

Typ	Bedeutung	Icon
A	Abbruch	Rot
E	Fehler	Rot
W	Warnung	Gelb
I	Information	Blau
S	Erfolg	Grün

Beispiele

1. Einfaches Log erstellen

DATA: lv_log_handle TYPE balloghndl,
      ls_log        TYPE bal_s_log.

" Log-Header
ls_log-object    = 'ZTEST'.       " Log-Objekt (aus SLG0)
ls_log-subobject = 'PROCESS'.     " Unter-Objekt
ls_log-aldate    = sy-datum.
ls_log-altime    = sy-uzeit.
ls_log-aluser    = sy-uname.
ls_log-alprog    = sy-repid.
ls_log-extnumber = 'Meine Verarbeitung 001'.

" Log erstellen
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_CREATE'
  EXPORTING
    i_s_log                 = ls_log
  IMPORTING
    e_log_handle            = lv_log_handle
  EXCEPTIONS
    log_header_inconsistent = 1
    OTHERS                  = 2.

IF sy-subrc <> 0.
  RETURN.
ENDIF.

" Nachricht hinzufügen
DATA: ls_msg TYPE bal_s_msg.

ls_msg-msgty = 'S'.
ls_msg-msgid = 'ZMYAPP'.
ls_msg-msgno = '001'.
ls_msg-msgv1 = 'Verarbeitung gestartet'.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING
    i_log_handle     = lv_log_handle
    i_s_msg          = ls_msg
  EXCEPTIONS
    log_not_found    = 1
    msg_inconsistent = 2
    OTHERS           = 3.

" Weitere Nachrichten
ls_msg-msgty = 'I'.
ls_msg-msgv1 = '100 Datensätze verarbeitet'.
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING i_log_handle = lv_log_handle i_s_msg = ls_msg.

ls_msg-msgty = 'S'.
ls_msg-msgv1 = 'Verarbeitung abgeschlossen'.
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING i_log_handle = lv_log_handle i_s_msg = ls_msg.

" Log speichern
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DB_SAVE'
  EXCEPTIONS
    log_not_found       = 1
    save_not_allowed    = 2
    numbering_error     = 3
    OTHERS              = 4.

IF sy-subrc = 0.
  COMMIT WORK.
  WRITE: / 'Log gespeichert'.
ENDIF.

2. OO-Ansatz mit CL_BAL_LOG

CLASS zcl_application_log DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS: constructor
      IMPORTING iv_object    TYPE balobj_d
                iv_subobject TYPE balsubobj
                iv_extnumber TYPE balnrext OPTIONAL.

    METHODS: add_success
      IMPORTING iv_message TYPE string.

    METHODS: add_error
      IMPORTING iv_message TYPE string.

    METHODS: add_warning
      IMPORTING iv_message TYPE string.

    METHODS: add_info
      IMPORTING iv_message TYPE string.

    METHODS: add_exception
      IMPORTING ix_error TYPE REF TO cx_root.

    METHODS: save
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_success) TYPE abap_bool.

    METHODS: display.

    METHODS: get_messages
      RETURNING VALUE(rt_messages) TYPE bapiret2_t.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA: mv_log_handle TYPE balloghndl.

    METHODS: add_message
      IMPORTING iv_type    TYPE sy-msgty
                iv_message TYPE string.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_application_log IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD constructor.
    DATA: ls_log TYPE bal_s_log.

    ls_log-object    = iv_object.
    ls_log-subobject = iv_subobject.
    ls_log-aldate    = sy-datum.
    ls_log-altime    = sy-uzeit.
    ls_log-aluser    = sy-uname.
    ls_log-alprog    = sy-repid.
    ls_log-extnumber = iv_extnumber.

    CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_CREATE'
      EXPORTING
        i_s_log      = ls_log
      IMPORTING
        e_log_handle = mv_log_handle
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS       = 1.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD add_message.
    DATA: ls_msg TYPE bal_s_msg.

    " Freie Nachricht
    ls_msg-msgty = iv_type.
    ls_msg-msgid = 'ZLOG'.
    ls_msg-msgno = '000'.
    ls_msg-msgv1 = iv_message(50).
    IF strlen( iv_message ) > 50.
      ls_msg-msgv2 = iv_message+50(50).
    ENDIF.
    IF strlen( iv_message ) > 100.
      ls_msg-msgv3 = iv_message+100(50).
    ENDIF.
    IF strlen( iv_message ) > 150.
      ls_msg-msgv4 = iv_message+150(50).
    ENDIF.

    CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
      EXPORTING
        i_log_handle = mv_log_handle
        i_s_msg      = ls_msg
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS       = 1.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD add_success.
    add_message( iv_type = 'S' iv_message = iv_message ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD add_error.
    add_message( iv_type = 'E' iv_message = iv_message ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD add_warning.
    add_message( iv_type = 'W' iv_message = iv_message ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD add_info.
    add_message( iv_type = 'I' iv_message = iv_message ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD add_exception.
    DATA: ls_msg TYPE bal_s_msg.

    ls_msg-msgty = 'E'.
    ls_msg-msgid = 'ZLOG'.
    ls_msg-msgno = '001'.
    ls_msg-msgv1 = ix_error->get_text( )(50).

    CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
      EXPORTING
        i_log_handle = mv_log_handle
        i_s_msg      = ls_msg
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS       = 1.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD save.
    DATA: lt_log_handles TYPE bal_t_logh.

    APPEND mv_log_handle TO lt_log_handles.

    CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DB_SAVE'
      EXPORTING
        i_t_log_handle   = lt_log_handles
      EXCEPTIONS
        log_not_found    = 1
        save_not_allowed = 2
        numbering_error  = 3
        OTHERS           = 4.

    rv_success = xsdbool( sy-subrc = 0 ).

    IF rv_success = abap_true.
      COMMIT WORK.
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD display.
    DATA: lt_log_handles TYPE bal_t_logh,
          ls_profile     TYPE bal_s_prof.

    APPEND mv_log_handle TO lt_log_handles.

    CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DSP_PROFILE_STANDARD_GET'
      IMPORTING
        e_s_display_profile = ls_profile.

    CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY'
      EXPORTING
        i_t_log_handle      = lt_log_handles
        i_s_display_profile = ls_profile
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS              = 1.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_messages.
    DATA: lt_msg TYPE bal_t_msg,
          ls_msg TYPE bal_s_msg.

    CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_READ'
      EXPORTING
        i_log_handle = mv_log_handle
      IMPORTING
        e_t_msg      = lt_msg
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS       = 1.

    LOOP AT lt_msg INTO ls_msg.
      APPEND VALUE bapiret2(
        type       = ls_msg-msgty
        id         = ls_msg-msgid
        number     = ls_msg-msgno
        message_v1 = ls_msg-msgv1
        message_v2 = ls_msg-msgv2
        message_v3 = ls_msg-msgv3
        message_v4 = ls_msg-msgv4
      ) TO rt_messages.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.


" Verwendung
DATA(lo_log) = NEW zcl_application_log(
  iv_object    = 'ZTEST'
  iv_subobject = 'BATCH'
  iv_extnumber = |Verarbeitung { sy-datum }|
).

lo_log->add_success( 'Verarbeitung gestartet' ).
lo_log->add_info( '500 Datensätze geladen' ).

TRY.
    " Verarbeitung...
    lo_log->add_success( 'Verarbeitung erfolgreich' ).
  CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(lx_error).
    lo_log->add_exception( lx_error ).
ENDTRY.

IF lo_log->save( ).
  lo_log->display( ).
ENDIF.

3. Log-Objekt in SLG0 erstellen

Transaktion: SLG0

1. "Neue Einträge" klicken
2. Objekt: ZTEST
3. Objekttext: Meine Testanwendung
4. Speichern

5. Unter-Objekt anlegen:
   - Unter-Objekt: BATCH
   - Text: Batch-Verarbeitung

   - Unter-Objekt: ONLINE
   - Text: Online-Verarbeitung

4. Log mit Kontext (zusätzliche Daten)

DATA: lv_log_handle TYPE balloghndl,
      ls_log        TYPE bal_s_log,
      ls_msg        TYPE bal_s_msg.

" Log erstellen
ls_log-object    = 'ZORDERS'.
ls_log-subobject = 'PROCESS'.
ls_log-extnumber = 'Order Processing'.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_CREATE'
  EXPORTING i_s_log = ls_log
  IMPORTING e_log_handle = lv_log_handle.

" Nachricht mit Kontext
ls_msg-msgty = 'E'.
ls_msg-msgid = 'ZORD'.
ls_msg-msgno = '001'.
ls_msg-msgv1 = '0000001234'.  " Bestellnummer

" Kontext-Struktur (für Navigation)
DATA: ls_context TYPE bal_s_cont.
ls_context-tabname = 'VBAK'.
ls_context-value   = '0000001234'.

ls_msg-context-tabname = 'VBAK'.
ls_msg-context-value   = ls_context-value.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING
    i_log_handle = lv_log_handle
    i_s_msg      = ls_msg.

5. Logs aus Datenbank lesen

DATA: lt_log_filter  TYPE bal_s_lfil,
      lt_log_header  TYPE balhdr_t,
      lt_log_handles TYPE bal_t_logh.

" Filter definieren
lt_log_filter-object    = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'ZTEST' ) ).
lt_log_filter-subobject = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'BATCH' ) ).
lt_log_filter-aldate    = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'GE' low = sy-datum - 7 ) ).

" Logs suchen
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DB_SEARCH'
  EXPORTING
    i_s_log_filter     = lt_log_filter
  IMPORTING
    e_t_log_header     = lt_log_header
  EXCEPTIONS
    log_not_found      = 1
    no_filter_criteria = 2
    OTHERS             = 3.

IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / 'Gefundene Logs:', lines( lt_log_header ).

  " Logs laden
  CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DB_LOAD'
    EXPORTING
      i_t_log_header = lt_log_header
    IMPORTING
      e_t_log_handle = lt_log_handles
    EXCEPTIONS
      OTHERS         = 1.

  " Anzeigen
  CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY'
    EXPORTING
      i_t_log_handle = lt_log_handles
    EXCEPTIONS
      OTHERS         = 1.
ENDIF.

6. Log löschen

DATA: lt_log_filter TYPE bal_s_lfil,
      lt_log_header TYPE balhdr_t.

" Alte Logs finden (älter als 30 Tage)
lt_log_filter-object = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'ZTEST' ) ).
lt_log_filter-aldate = VALUE #( ( sign = 'I' option = 'LE' low = sy-datum - 30 ) ).

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DB_SEARCH'
  EXPORTING
    i_s_log_filter = lt_log_filter
  IMPORTING
    e_t_log_header = lt_log_header
  EXCEPTIONS
    OTHERS         = 1.

" Logs löschen
IF lt_log_header IS NOT INITIAL.
  CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DB_DELETE'
    EXPORTING
      i_t_logs_to_delete = lt_log_header
    EXCEPTIONS
      OTHERS             = 1.

  IF sy-subrc = 0.
    COMMIT WORK.
    WRITE: / 'Gelöscht:', lines( lt_log_header ), 'Logs'.
  ENDIF.
ENDIF.

7. Callback für Detailanzeige

DATA: ls_msg     TYPE bal_s_msg,
      ls_clbk    TYPE bal_s_clbk.

" Callback definieren
ls_clbk-userexitf = 'Z_SHOW_ORDER_DETAILS'.  " Funktionsbaustein
ls_clbk-userexitp = sy-repid.                 " Programm
ls_clbk-userexitt = ' '.

ls_msg-msgty   = 'E'.
ls_msg-msgid   = 'ZORD'.
ls_msg-msgno   = '001'.
ls_msg-msgv1   = lv_vbeln.
ls_msg-params-callback = ls_clbk.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING
    i_log_handle = lv_log_handle
    i_s_msg      = ls_msg.


" Funktionsbaustein für Callback
FUNCTION z_show_order_details.
*"  IMPORTING
*"     VALUE(I_S_MSG) TYPE BAL_S_MSG
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
  " Bestellung anzeigen
  SET PARAMETER ID 'AUN' FIELD i_s_msg-msgv1.
  CALL TRANSACTION 'VA03' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.
ENDFUNCTION.

8. Hierarchisches Log

DATA: lv_log_handle   TYPE balloghndl,
      lv_msg_handle   TYPE balmsghndl,
      ls_msg          TYPE bal_s_msg.

" Haupt-Log erstellen
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_CREATE'
  EXPORTING i_s_log = ls_log
  IMPORTING e_log_handle = lv_log_handle.

" Parent-Nachricht
ls_msg-msgty = 'I'.
ls_msg-msgid = 'ZLOG'.
ls_msg-msgno = '000'.
ls_msg-msgv1 = 'Verarbeitung Kunde 1000'.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING
    i_log_handle  = lv_log_handle
    i_s_msg       = ls_msg
  IMPORTING
    e_msg_handle  = lv_msg_handle.   " Handle für Parent

" Kind-Nachrichten
ls_msg-msgv1 = '  Adresse aktualisiert'.
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING
    i_log_handle     = lv_log_handle
    i_s_msg          = ls_msg
    i_msg_handle_par = lv_msg_handle.  " Parent-Handle

ls_msg-msgv1 = '  Kontakte synchronisiert'.
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD'
  EXPORTING
    i_log_handle     = lv_log_handle
    i_s_msg          = ls_msg
    i_msg_handle_par = lv_msg_handle.

9. Log mit Priorität und Detailstufe

DATA: ls_msg TYPE bal_s_msg.

" Detailstufe
ls_msg-detlevel = '1'.  " 1-9, höher = mehr Detail
ls_msg-probclass = '1'. " Problemklasse 1 = wichtig, 4 = unwichtig

" Bei Anzeige filtern
DATA: ls_profile TYPE bal_s_prof.

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DSP_PROFILE_STANDARD_GET'
  IMPORTING e_s_display_profile = ls_profile.

" Nur wichtige Nachrichten (Problemklasse 1-2)
ls_profile-mess_filter-probclass = VALUE #(
  ( sign = 'I' option = 'BT' low = '1' high = '2' )
).

CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY'
  EXPORTING
    i_t_log_handle      = lt_log_handles
    i_s_display_profile = ls_profile.

10. Log automatisch bei Exceptions

CLASS zcl_logged_processor DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS: constructor
      IMPORTING io_log TYPE REF TO zcl_application_log.

    METHODS: process
      IMPORTING it_data TYPE ty_data_tab
      RAISING   zcx_processing_error.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA: mo_log TYPE REF TO zcl_application_log.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_logged_processor IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD constructor.
    mo_log = io_log.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD process.
    mo_log->add_info( |Verarbeite { lines( it_data ) } Einträge| ).

    LOOP AT it_data INTO DATA(ls_data).
      TRY.
          " Verarbeitung
          process_single( ls_data ).
          mo_log->add_success( |Eintrag { ls_data-id } verarbeitet| ).

        CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(lx_error).
          mo_log->add_error( |Eintrag { ls_data-id }: { lx_error->get_text( ) }| ).

          " Bei kritischem Fehler abbrechen
          IF lx_error IS INSTANCE OF zcx_critical_error.
            mo_log->add_error( 'Kritischer Fehler - Abbruch' ).
            mo_log->save( ).
            RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_processing_error
              EXPORTING previous = lx_error.
          ENDIF.
      ENDTRY.
    ENDLOOP.

    mo_log->add_success( 'Verarbeitung abgeschlossen' ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

11. Massenprotokollierung (Performance)

DATA: lt_messages TYPE bal_t_msg,
      ls_msg      TYPE bal_s_msg.

" Nachrichten sammeln statt einzeln hinzufügen
LOOP AT lt_data INTO DATA(ls_data).
  ls_msg-msgty = 'S'.
  ls_msg-msgid = 'ZLOG'.
  ls_msg-msgno = '000'.
  ls_msg-msgv1 = |Datensatz { ls_data-id } verarbeitet|.
  APPEND ls_msg TO lt_messages.
ENDLOOP.

" Alle auf einmal hinzufügen
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_LOG_MSGS_ADD'
  EXPORTING
    i_log_handle = lv_log_handle
    i_t_msg      = lt_messages
  EXCEPTIONS
    OTHERS       = 1.

" Einmal speichern
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DB_SAVE'
  EXPORTING
    i_save_all = abap_true.

12. Log in Job verwenden

REPORT zlog_in_job.

DATA: go_log TYPE REF TO zcl_application_log.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  " Log initialisieren
  go_log = NEW zcl_application_log(
    iv_object    = 'ZJOB'
    iv_subobject = 'DAILY'
    iv_extnumber = |Job { sy-datum } { sy-uzeit }|
  ).

  go_log->add_info( 'Job gestartet' ).

  TRY.
      " Verarbeitung
      perform_processing( ).
      go_log->add_success( 'Job erfolgreich beendet' ).

    CATCH cx_root INTO DATA(lx_error).
      go_log->add_exception( lx_error ).
      go_log->add_error( 'Job mit Fehler beendet' ).
  ENDTRY.

  " Immer speichern
  go_log->save( ).

END-OF-SELECTION.

13. SLG1 programmatisch aufrufen

" Log-Anzeige wie SLG1
DATA: ls_display_profile TYPE bal_s_prof.

" Standard-Profil
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DSP_PROFILE_STANDARD_GET'
  IMPORTING e_s_display_profile = ls_display_profile.

" Einstellungen anpassen
ls_display_profile-title    = 'Meine Log-Anzeige'.
ls_display_profile-tree_log = abap_true.   " Baumdarstellung

" Anzeigen
CALL FUNCTION 'BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY'
  EXPORTING
    i_s_display_profile = ls_display_profile
  EXCEPTIONS
    OTHERS              = 1.

Wichtige Funktionsbausteine

Funktionsbaustein	Beschreibung
`BAL_LOG_CREATE`	Log erstellen
`BAL_LOG_MSG_ADD`	Nachricht hinzufügen
`BAL_DB_SAVE`	In DB speichern
`BAL_DB_SEARCH`	Logs suchen
`BAL_DB_LOAD`	Logs laden
`BAL_DB_DELETE`	Logs löschen
`BAL_DSP_LOG_DISPLAY`	Logs anzeigen

Wichtige Hinweise / Best Practice

Log-Objekte in SLG0 pflegen (nicht hardcoden).
Externe Nummer für einfache Suche in SLG1.
COMMIT WORK nach BAL_DB_SAVE nicht vergessen.
Hierarchie für übersichtliche Strukturierung nutzen.
Kontext für Navigation zu Belegen.
Callbacks für Detail-Anzeige implementieren.
Massenprotokollierung für Performance bei vielen Nachrichten.
Alte Logs regelmäßig bereinigen (Performance).
Problemklasse und Detailstufe für Filterung nutzen.
Kombinieren Sie mit Background Jobs für Batch-Protokollierung.