ABAP Date & Time Operations: Datumsberechnungen, Timestamps

kategorie
ABAP-Statements
Veröffentlicht
autor
Johannes

Date & Time Operations in ABAP umfassen Datumsberechnungen, Fabrikkalender, Timestamps und Zeitzonenkonvertierung. Moderne Klassen wie CL_ABAP_DATFM ergänzen die klassischen Funktionsbausteine.

Datentypen

TypFormatBeispiel
D (DATS)YYYYMMDD20241124
T (TIMS)HHMMSS143052
TIMESTAMPLYYYYMMDDHHMMSS.sssssss20241124143052.1234567
TIMESTAMPYYYYMMDDHHMMSS20241124143052

Beispiele

1. Grundlegende Datumsberechnungen

DATA: lv_date    TYPE sy-datum,
      lv_days    TYPE i.


" Aktuelles Datum
lv_date = sy-datum.


" Tage addieren/subtrahieren
lv_date = sy-datum + 30.      " 30 Tage später
lv_date = sy-datum - 7.       " 7 Tage früher


" Differenz zwischen Daten
lv_days = sy-datum - '20240101'.
WRITE: / 'Tage seit Jahresanfang:', lv_days.


" Datum zerlegen
DATA: lv_year  TYPE n LENGTH 4,
      lv_month TYPE n LENGTH 2,
      lv_day   TYPE n LENGTH 2.


lv_year  = sy-datum(4).
lv_month = sy-datum+4(2).
lv_day   = sy-datum+6(2).


" Datum zusammensetzen
lv_date = |{ lv_year }{ lv_month }{ lv_day }|.

2. Monats- und Jahresberechnungen

DATA: lv_date TYPE sy-datum.


" Monate addieren
CALL FUNCTION 'RP_CALC_DATE_IN_INTERVAL'
  EXPORTING
    date      = sy-datum
    days      = 0
    months    = 3           " 3 Monate
    signum    = '+'
    years     = 0
  IMPORTING
    calc_date = lv_date.


" Jahre addieren
CALL FUNCTION 'RP_CALC_DATE_IN_INTERVAL'
  EXPORTING
    date      = sy-datum
    days      = 0
    months    = 0
    signum    = '+'
    years     = 1           " 1 Jahr
  IMPORTING
    calc_date = lv_date.




" Monatsanfang ermitteln
DATA(lv_month_start) = sy-datum.
lv_month_start+6(2) = '01'.


" Monatsende ermitteln
CALL FUNCTION 'RP_LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS'
  EXPORTING
    day_in            = sy-datum
  IMPORTING
    last_day_of_month = lv_date.


" Quartalsanfang
DATA(lv_quarter) = ( ( sy-datum+4(2) - 1 ) DIV 3 ) * 3 + 1.
DATA(lv_quarter_start) = |{ sy-datum(4) }{ lv_quarter WIDTH = 2 ALIGN = RIGHT PAD = '0' }01|.

3. Wochentag und Kalenderwoche

DATA: lv_weekday TYPE p,
      lv_week    TYPE scal-week.


" Wochentag (1=Montag, 7=Sonntag)
CALL FUNCTION 'DAY_IN_WEEK'
  EXPORTING
    datum = sy-datum
  IMPORTING
    woession  = lv_weekday.


CASE lv_weekday.
  WHEN 1. WRITE: / 'Montag'.
  WHEN 2. WRITE: / 'Dienstag'.
  WHEN 3. WRITE: / 'Mittwoch'.
  WHEN 4. WRITE: / 'Donnerstag'.
  WHEN 5. WRITE: / 'Freitag'.
  WHEN 6. WRITE: / 'Samstag'.
  WHEN 7. WRITE: / 'Sonntag'.
ENDCASE.


" Kalenderwoche
CALL FUNCTION 'DATE_GET_WEEK'
  EXPORTING
    date = sy-datum
  IMPORTING
    week = lv_week.


WRITE: / 'Kalenderwoche:', lv_week.  " Format: YYYYWW

4. Fabrikkalender

DATA: lv_workdays   TYPE i,
      lv_target_date TYPE sy-datum.


" Arbeitstage zwischen zwei Daten
CALL FUNCTION 'RKE_SELECT_FACTDAYS_FOR_PERIOD'
  EXPORTING
    i_datab        = '20240101'
    i_datbi        = '20240131'
    i_factid       = '01'        " Fabrikkalender-ID
  IMPORTING
    e_factdays     = lv_workdays.


WRITE: / 'Arbeitstage im Januar:', lv_workdays.




" Arbeitstage addieren
CALL FUNCTION 'BKK_ADD_WORKINGDAY'
  EXPORTING
    i_date        = sy-datum
    i_days        = 5            " 5 Arbeitstage
    i_calendar_id = '01'
  IMPORTING
    e_date        = lv_target_date.


WRITE: / 'In 5 Arbeitstagen:', lv_target_date.




" Prüfen ob Arbeitstag
CALL FUNCTION 'DATE_CHECK_WORKINGDAY'
  EXPORTING
    date                       = sy-datum
    factory_calendar_id        = '01'
  EXCEPTIONS
    date_after_range           = 1
    date_before_range          = 2
    date_invalid               = 3
    date_no_workingday         = 4
    factory_calendar_not_found = 5
    OTHERS                     = 6.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  WRITE: / 'Heute ist ein Arbeitstag'.
ELSEIF sy-subrc = 4.
  WRITE: / 'Heute ist kein Arbeitstag'.
ENDIF.

5. Feiertage

DATA: lt_holidays TYPE TABLE OF iscal_day.


" Feiertage für ein Jahr
CALL FUNCTION 'HOLIDAY_GET'
  EXPORTING
    holiday_calendar           = 'DE'        " Feiertagskalender
    date_from                  = '20240101'
    date_to                    = '20241231'
  TABLES
    holidays                   = lt_holidays
  EXCEPTIONS
    factory_calendar_not_found = 1
    holiday_calendar_not_found = 2
    date_has_invalid_format    = 3
    date_inconsistency         = 4
    OTHERS                     = 5.


IF sy-subrc = 0.
  LOOP AT lt_holidays INTO DATA(ls_holiday).
    WRITE: / ls_holiday-date, ls_holiday-holiday_text.
  ENDLOOP.
ENDIF.




" Prüfen ob Feiertag
CALL FUNCTION 'HOLIDAY_CHECK_AND_GET_INFO'
  EXPORTING
    date                       = sy-datum
    holiday_calendar_id        = 'DE'
  IMPORTING
    holiday_found              = DATA(lv_is_holiday)
  EXCEPTIONS
    OTHERS                     = 1.


IF lv_is_holiday = abap_true.
  WRITE: / 'Heute ist Feiertag'.
ENDIF.

6. Timestamps

DATA: lv_timestamp  TYPE timestamp,
      lv_timestampl TYPE timestampl.


" Aktueller Timestamp
GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_timestampl.
WRITE: / 'Timestamp:', lv_timestampl.


" Timestamp aus Datum/Zeit erstellen
CONVERT DATE sy-datum TIME sy-uzeit
  INTO TIME STAMP lv_timestamp TIME ZONE sy-zonlo.


" Timestamp in Datum/Zeit konvertieren
DATA: lv_date TYPE sy-datum,
      lv_time TYPE sy-uzeit.


CONVERT TIME STAMP lv_timestamp TIME ZONE sy-zonlo
  INTO DATE lv_date TIME lv_time.


WRITE: / 'Datum:', lv_date, 'Zeit:', lv_time.




" Timestamp-Differenz
DATA: lv_ts1 TYPE timestampl,
      lv_ts2 TYPE timestampl,
      lv_diff TYPE timestampl.


GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_ts1.
" ... Verarbeitung ...
GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_ts2.


lv_diff = lv_ts2 - lv_ts1.  " Differenz in Sekunden
WRITE: / 'Dauer:', lv_diff, 'Sekunden'.

7. Zeitzonen

DATA: lv_timestamp TYPE timestamp,
      lv_date_utc  TYPE sy-datum,
      lv_time_utc  TYPE sy-uzeit,
      lv_date_loc  TYPE sy-datum,
      lv_time_loc  TYPE sy-uzeit.


GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_timestamp.


" In UTC konvertieren
CONVERT TIME STAMP lv_timestamp TIME ZONE 'UTC'
  INTO DATE lv_date_utc TIME lv_time_utc.


" In lokale Zeit konvertieren
CONVERT TIME STAMP lv_timestamp TIME ZONE sy-zonlo
  INTO DATE lv_date_loc TIME lv_time_loc.


WRITE: / 'UTC:', lv_date_utc, lv_time_utc.
WRITE: / 'Lokal:', lv_date_loc, lv_time_loc.




" Zeitzone aus Werk ermitteln
SELECT SINGLE tzone FROM t001w
  WHERE werks = '1000'
  INTO @DATA(lv_timezone).


CONVERT TIME STAMP lv_timestamp TIME ZONE lv_timezone
  INTO DATE lv_date_loc TIME lv_time_loc.

8. Datum formatieren

DATA: lv_date      TYPE sy-datum VALUE '20241124',
      lv_formatted TYPE string.


" Mit String Templates
lv_formatted = |{ lv_date DATE = USER }|.          " Benutzerformat
lv_formatted = |{ lv_date DATE = ISO }|.           " 2024-11-24
lv_formatted = |{ lv_date DATE = ENVIRONMENT }|.  " Systemformat


WRITE: / lv_formatted.




" Mit Funktionsbaustein
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERT_DATE_TO_EXTERNAL'
  EXPORTING
    date_internal = lv_date
  IMPORTING
    date_external = lv_formatted.




" Eigenes Format
lv_formatted = |{ lv_date+6(2) }.{ lv_date+4(2) }.{ lv_date(4) }|.
" 24.11.2024

9. Zeit formatieren

DATA: lv_time      TYPE sy-uzeit VALUE '143052',
      lv_formatted TYPE string.


" Mit String Templates
lv_formatted = |{ lv_time TIME = USER }|.
lv_formatted = |{ lv_time TIME = ISO }|.   " 14:30:52


" Eigenes Format
lv_formatted = |{ lv_time(2) }:{ lv_time+2(2) }|.  " 14:30

10. Datumsvalidierung

DATA: lv_date TYPE sy-datum VALUE '20240230'.  " Ungültig: 30. Feb


" Prüfung mit Funktionsbaustein
CALL FUNCTION 'DATE_CHECK_PLAUSIBILITY'
  EXPORTING
    date                      = lv_date
  EXCEPTIONS
    plausibility_check_failed = 1
    OTHERS                    = 2.


IF sy-subrc <> 0.
  WRITE: / 'Ungültiges Datum'.
ENDIF.




" Einfache Prüfung
IF lv_date IS INITIAL OR lv_date = '00000000'.
  WRITE: / 'Datum ist leer'.
ENDIF.


" Bereich prüfen
IF lv_date < '19000101' OR lv_date > '99991231'.
  WRITE: / 'Datum außerhalb gültigem Bereich'.
ENDIF.

11. Date Helper Klasse

CLASS zcl_date_helper DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-METHODS: add_days
      IMPORTING iv_date        TYPE sy-datum
                iv_days        TYPE i
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_date) TYPE sy-datum.


    CLASS-METHODS: add_months
      IMPORTING iv_date        TYPE sy-datum
                iv_months      TYPE i
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_date) TYPE sy-datum.


    CLASS-METHODS: add_workdays
      IMPORTING iv_date        TYPE sy-datum
                iv_days        TYPE i
                iv_calendar    TYPE scal-fcalid DEFAULT '01'
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_date) TYPE sy-datum.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_month_start
      IMPORTING iv_date        TYPE sy-datum
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_date) TYPE sy-datum.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_month_end
      IMPORTING iv_date        TYPE sy-datum
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_date) TYPE sy-datum.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_quarter
      IMPORTING iv_date          TYPE sy-datum
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_quarter) TYPE i.


    CLASS-METHODS: is_workday
      IMPORTING iv_date          TYPE sy-datum
                iv_calendar      TYPE scal-fcalid DEFAULT '01'
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_result) TYPE abap_bool.


    CLASS-METHODS: get_weekday_name
      IMPORTING iv_date        TYPE sy-datum
      RETURNING VALUE(rv_name) TYPE string.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS zcl_date_helper IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD add_days.
    rv_date = iv_date + iv_days.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD add_months.
    CALL FUNCTION 'RP_CALC_DATE_IN_INTERVAL'
      EXPORTING
        date      = iv_date
        days      = 0
        months    = abs( iv_months )
        signum    = COND #( WHEN iv_months >= 0 THEN '+' ELSE '-' )
        years     = 0
      IMPORTING
        calc_date = rv_date.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD add_workdays.
    CALL FUNCTION 'BKK_ADD_WORKINGDAY'
      EXPORTING
        i_date        = iv_date
        i_days        = iv_days
        i_calendar_id = iv_calendar
      IMPORTING
        e_date        = rv_date
      EXCEPTIONS
        OTHERS        = 1.


    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      rv_date = iv_date + iv_days.  " Fallback
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_month_start.
    rv_date = iv_date.
    rv_date+6(2) = '01'.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_month_end.
    CALL FUNCTION 'RP_LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS'
      EXPORTING
        day_in            = iv_date
      IMPORTING
        last_day_of_month = rv_date.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_quarter.
    rv_quarter = ( ( iv_date+4(2) - 1 ) DIV 3 ) + 1.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD is_workday.
    CALL FUNCTION 'DATE_CHECK_WORKINGDAY'
      EXPORTING
        date                = iv_date
        factory_calendar_id = iv_calendar
      EXCEPTIONS
        date_no_workingday  = 4
        OTHERS              = 1.


    rv_result = xsdbool( sy-subrc = 0 ).
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD get_weekday_name.
    DATA: lv_day TYPE p.


    CALL FUNCTION 'DAY_IN_WEEK'
      EXPORTING datum = iv_date
      IMPORTING woession  = lv_day.


    rv_name = SWITCH #( lv_day
      WHEN 1 THEN 'Montag'
      WHEN 2 THEN 'Dienstag'
      WHEN 3 THEN 'Mittwoch'
      WHEN 4 THEN 'Donnerstag'
      WHEN 5 THEN 'Freitag'
      WHEN 6 THEN 'Samstag'
      WHEN 7 THEN 'Sonntag'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.




" Verwendung
DATA(lv_next_month) = zcl_date_helper=>add_months( iv_date = sy-datum iv_months = 1 ).
DATA(lv_month_end) = zcl_date_helper=>get_month_end( sy-datum ).
DATA(lv_weekday) = zcl_date_helper=>get_weekday_name( sy-datum ).


WRITE: / 'Nächster Monat:', lv_next_month,
       / 'Monatsende:', lv_month_end,
       / 'Wochentag:', lv_weekday.

12. Zeitdifferenz berechnen

" Sekunden zwischen zwei Zeitpunkten
DATA: lv_date1 TYPE sy-datum VALUE '20240101',
      lv_time1 TYPE sy-uzeit VALUE '080000',
      lv_date2 TYPE sy-datum VALUE '20240102',
      lv_time2 TYPE sy-uzeit VALUE '170000',
      lv_seconds TYPE i.


" Als Timestamps berechnen
DATA: lv_ts1 TYPE timestamp,
      lv_ts2 TYPE timestamp.


CONVERT DATE lv_date1 TIME lv_time1
  INTO TIME STAMP lv_ts1 TIME ZONE 'UTC'.


CONVERT DATE lv_date2 TIME lv_time2
  INTO TIME STAMP lv_ts2 TIME ZONE 'UTC'.


lv_seconds = cl_abap_tstmp=>subtract(
  tstmp1 = lv_ts2
  tstmp2 = lv_ts1
).


DATA(lv_hours) = lv_seconds / 3600.
WRITE: / 'Differenz:', lv_hours, 'Stunden'.

13. Performance-Messung

DATA: lv_start TYPE timestampl,
      lv_end   TYPE timestampl,
      lv_runtime TYPE p DECIMALS 3.


GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_start.


" Code ausführen
LOOP AT lt_data INTO DATA(ls_data).
  " Verarbeitung...
ENDLOOP.


GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_end.


" Laufzeit in Sekunden
lv_runtime = cl_abap_tstmp=>subtract(
  tstmp1 = lv_end
  tstmp2 = lv_start
).


WRITE: / 'Laufzeit:', lv_runtime, 'Sekunden'.

14. SQL Datumsfunktionen

" Modernes Open SQL mit Datumsfunktionen
SELECT vbeln, erdat,
       DATS_DAYS_BETWEEN( erdat, @sy-datum ) AS days_ago,
       DATS_ADD_DAYS( erdat, 30 ) AS plus_30,
       DATS_ADD_MONTHS( erdat, 1 ) AS plus_month
  FROM vbak
  WHERE erdat >= DATS_ADD_DAYS( @sy-datum, -365 )
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_orders).


" Gruppierung nach Monat
SELECT EXTRACT( YEAR FROM erdat ) AS year,
       EXTRACT( MONTH FROM erdat ) AS month,
       COUNT(*) AS count,
       SUM( netwr ) AS total
  FROM vbak
  GROUP BY EXTRACT( YEAR FROM erdat ), EXTRACT( MONTH FROM erdat )
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_monthly).

15. Datum in RAP

" CDS View mit Datumsberechnungen
@AbapCatalog.viewEnhancementCategory: [#NONE]
define view entity ZI_OrderDates as select from vbak
{
  key vbeln,
      erdat,


      @Semantics.systemDate.createdAt: true
      erdat as CreatedAt,


      // Berechnete Felder
      dats_days_between(erdat, $session.system_date) as DaysAgo,
      dats_add_days(erdat, 30) as DueDate
}

Wichtige Funktionsbausteine

FunktionsbausteinBeschreibung
RP_CALC_DATE_IN_INTERVALMonate/Jahre addieren
RP_LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHSMonatsende
DATE_GET_WEEKKalenderwoche
DAY_IN_WEEKWochentag
HOLIDAY_GETFeiertage
DATE_CHECK_WORKINGDAYArbeitstag prüfen
BKK_ADD_WORKINGDAYArbeitstage addieren

Wichtige Hinweise / Best Practice

  • sy-datum/sy-uzeit nur für aktuelle Zeit, nicht manipulieren.
  • Timestamps für genaue Zeitmessung und Zeitzonen.
  • Fabrikkalender für Geschäftslogik mit Arbeitstagen.
  • GET TIME STAMP statt sy-uzeit für Präzision.
  • UTC für Speicherung, lokale Zeit für Anzeige.
  • String Templates für Formatierung: |{ date DATE = ISO }|.
  • Datumsfunktionen in SQL ab ABAP 7.50 verfügbar.
  • Validation vor Berechnungen durchführen.
  • Kombinieren Sie mit Built-in Functions für weitere Operationen.