RAP Tutorial Teil 2: Advanced Features - Actions, Validations & Determinations

kategorie
Tutorial
Veröffentlicht
autor
Johannes

Willkommen zu Teil 2 der RAP Tutorial-Serie! In Teil 1 hast du eine funktionierende Fiori App gebaut. Jetzt machen wir sie richtig smart mit Business-Logik.

🎯 Was du lernen wirst

  • Actions: Custom Buttons für Geschäftsoperationen
  • Validations: Datenprüfung (z.B. ISBN-Format)
  • Determinations: Automatische Werte setzen
  • Value Helps: Dropdown-Listen
  • Feature Control: Buttons dynamisch ein/ausblenden

Basis: Wir bauen auf der Book Management App aus Teil 1 auf.

Geschätzte Zeit: 45-60 Minuten

📋 Voraussetzungen

  • ✅ Teil 1 abgeschlossen
  • ✅ Book Management App läuft
  • ✅ ADT (Eclipse) geöffnet

Feature 1: Status-Management mit Actions

Wir fügen einen Status hinzu (New, Reading, Finished) und Actions zum Ändern des Status.

Schritt 1: Tabelle erweitern

Öffne ZBOOK_TAB und füge hinzu:

define table zbook_tab {
  // ... bestehende Felder ...


  status          : abap.char(1);  // N=New, R=Reading, F=Finished


  // ... created_by, etc. ...
}

Aktivieren: Ctrl+F3

Schritt 2: CDS Views erweitern

In ZI_BOOK:

define root view entity ZI_BOOK
  as select from zbook_tab
{
  // ... bestehende Felder ...


  status           as Status,


  // Status-Text via Association
  case status
    when 'N' then 'Neu'
    when 'R' then 'Lese ich gerade'
    when 'F' then 'Gelesen'
    else 'Unbekannt'
  end              as StatusText,


  // ... created_by, etc. ...
}

In ZC_BOOK:

define root view entity ZC_BOOK
  as projection on ZI_BOOK
{
  // ... bestehende Felder ...


  @ObjectModel.text.element: ['StatusText']
  Status,
  StatusText,


  // ... created_by, etc. ...
}

Beide aktivieren!

Schritt 3: Behavior Definition erweitern - Actions hinzufügen

Öffne die Interface BDEF (ZI_BOOK → Behavior Definition):

managed implementation in class zbp_i_book unique;
strict ( 2 );


define behavior for ZI_BOOK alias Book
persistent table zbook_tab
lock master
authorization master ( instance )
etag master LastChangedAt
{
  create;
  update;
  delete;


  field ( readonly ) BookId;
  field ( readonly ) CreatedBy, CreatedAt, LastChangedBy, LastChangedAt;
  field ( numbering : managed ) BookId;


  // ⭐ NEU: Actions mit Feature Control
  action ( features : instance ) startReading result [1] $self;
  action ( features : instance ) markAsFinished result [1] $self;
  action ( features : instance ) resetStatus result [1] $self;


  // ⭐ NEU: Validation beim Speichern
  validation validateIsbn on save { field Isbn; }
  validation validatePages on save { field Pages; }


  // ⭐ NEU: Determination bei Create
  determination setDefaultStatus on modify { create; }


  mapping for zbook_tab
  {
    BookId          = book_id;
    Title           = title;
    Author          = author;
    Publisher       = publisher;
    Isbn            = isbn;
    Price           = price;
    CurrencyCode    = currency_code;
    Pages           = pages;
    PublicationYear = publication_year;
    Language        = language;
    Status          = status;  // NEU
    CreatedBy       = created_by;
    CreatedAt       = created_at;
    LastChangedBy   = last_changed_by;
    LastChangedAt   = last_changed_at;
  }
}

Aktivieren: Ctrl+F3

Schritt 4: Projection BDEF erweitern

Öffne ZC_BOOK Behavior Definition:

projection;
strict ( 2 );


define behavior for ZC_BOOK alias Book
{
  use create;
  use update;
  use delete;


  // ⭐ NEU: Actions exposen
  use action startReading;
  use action markAsFinished;
  use action resetStatus;
}

Aktivieren!

Schritt 5: Behavior Implementation - Actions implementieren

ADT hat automatisch ZBP_I_BOOK erstellt. Öffne die Klasse und füge hinzu:

Local Types (am Ende der Klasse):

CLASS lhc_book DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
    METHODS:
      " Feature Control (welche Actions verfügbar?)
      get_instance_features FOR INSTANCE FEATURES
        IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_features FOR Book
        RESULT result,


      " Actions
      startReading FOR MODIFY
        IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Book~startReading
        RESULT result,


      markAsFinished FOR MODIFY
        IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Book~markAsFinished
        RESULT result,


      resetStatus FOR MODIFY
        IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Book~resetStatus
        RESULT result,


      " Validations
      validateIsbn FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE
        IMPORTING keys FOR Book~validateIsbn,


      validatePages FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE
        IMPORTING keys FOR Book~validatePages,


      " Determinations
      setDefaultStatus FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY
        IMPORTING keys FOR Book~setDefaultStatus.
ENDCLASS.


CLASS lhc_book IMPLEMENTATION.


  " ===== FEATURE CONTROL =====
  METHOD get_instance_features.
    " Lese aktuelle Bücher
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_books)
      FAILED failed.


    " Feature Control basierend auf Status
    result = VALUE #( FOR ls_book IN lt_books
      ( %tky = ls_book-%tky


        " startReading: Nur verfügbar wenn Status = 'N' (Neu)
        %features-%action-startReading = COND #(
          WHEN ls_book-Status = 'N' THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        )


        " markAsFinished: Nur verfügbar wenn Status = 'R' (Reading)
        %features-%action-markAsFinished = COND #(
          WHEN ls_book-Status = 'R' THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        )


        " resetStatus: Immer verfügbar außer bei 'N'
        %features-%action-resetStatus = COND #(
          WHEN ls_book-Status <> 'N' THEN if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled
          ELSE if_abap_behv=>fc-o-disabled
        )
      )
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.


  " ===== ACTIONS =====
  METHOD startReading.
    " Status auf 'R' (Reading) setzen
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys
          ( %tky   = key-%tky
            Status = 'R' ) )
      FAILED failed
      REPORTED reported.


    " Aktualisierte Bücher zurückgeben
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT result.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD markAsFinished.
    " Status auf 'F' (Finished) setzen
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys
          ( %tky   = key-%tky
            Status = 'F' ) )
      FAILED failed
      REPORTED reported.


    READ ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT result.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD resetStatus.
    " Status auf 'N' (New) zurücksetzen
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR key IN keys
          ( %tky   = key-%tky
            Status = 'N' ) )
      FAILED failed
      REPORTED reported.


    READ ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT result.
  ENDMETHOD.


  " ===== VALIDATIONS =====
  METHOD validateIsbn.
    " Bücher lesen
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        FIELDS ( Isbn )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_books).


    LOOP AT lt_books INTO DATA(ls_book).
      " ISBN muss 10 oder 13 Zeichen lang sein
      DATA(lv_isbn_length) = strlen( ls_book-Isbn ).


      IF lv_isbn_length <> 10 AND lv_isbn_length <> 13.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = ls_book-%tky
          %element-Isbn = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        ) TO failed-book.


        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = ls_book-%tky
          %element-Isbn = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'ISBN muss 10 oder 13 Zeichen lang sein'
          )
        ) TO reported-book.
      ENDIF.


      " ISBN darf nur Ziffern enthalten (vereinfachte Prüfung)
      IF ls_book-Isbn IS NOT INITIAL AND
         ls_book-Isbn CO '0123456789' = abap_false.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = ls_book-%tky
          %element-Isbn = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        ) TO failed-book.


        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = ls_book-%tky
          %element-Isbn = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'ISBN darf nur Ziffern enthalten'
          )
        ) TO reported-book.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.


  METHOD validatePages.
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        FIELDS ( Pages )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_books).


    LOOP AT lt_books INTO DATA(ls_book).
      " Seiten müssen > 0 sein
      IF ls_book-Pages IS NOT INITIAL AND ls_book-Pages <= 0.
        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = ls_book-%tky
          %element-Pages = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
        ) TO failed-book.


        APPEND VALUE #(
          %tky = ls_book-%tky
          %element-Pages = if_abap_behv=>mk-on
          %msg = new_message_with_text(
            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error
            text     = 'Seitenzahl muss größer als 0 sein'
          )
        ) TO reported-book.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.


  " ===== DETERMINATIONS =====
  METHOD setDefaultStatus.
    " Lese neu angelegte Bücher
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
      RESULT DATA(lt_books).


    " Setze Default-Status auf 'N' (New)
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_book IN LOCAL MODE
      ENTITY Book
        UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )
        WITH VALUE #( FOR ls_book IN lt_books
          WHERE ( Status IS INITIAL )
          ( %tky   = ls_book-%tky
            Status = 'N' ) )
      REPORTED reported.
  ENDMETHOD.


ENDCLASS.

Aktivieren: Ctrl+F3

Schritt 6: UI-Annotations für Actions

Öffne die Metadata Extension (ZC_BOOK):

@Metadata.layer: #CORE


annotate view ZC_BOOK with
{
  @UI.headerInfo: {
    typeName: 'Buch',
    typeNamePlural: 'Bücher',
    title: { value: 'Title' },
    description: { value: 'Author' }
  }


  @UI.facet: [
    {
      id: 'BookDetails',
      purpose: #STANDARD,
      type: #IDENTIFICATION_REFERENCE,
      label: 'Buch-Details',
      position: 10
    }
  ]


  // ⭐ NEU: Actions in der Liste
  @UI.lineItem: [
    { position: 10, importance: #HIGH },
    { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'startReading', label: 'Lesen starten' },
    { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'markAsFinished', label: 'Als gelesen markieren' },
    { type: #FOR_ACTION, dataAction: 'resetStatus', label: 'Status zurücksetzen' }
  ]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 10 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 10 }]
  BookId;


  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 20, importance: #HIGH }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 20 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 20 }]
  Title;


  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 30, importance: #HIGH }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 30 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 30 }]
  Author;


  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 40 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 40 }]
  Publisher;


  @UI.identification: [{ position: 50 }]
  Isbn;


  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 50 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 60 }]
  Price;


  @UI.identification: [{ position: 70 }]
  Pages;


  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 60 }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 80 }]
  PublicationYear;


  @UI.identification: [{ position: 90 }]
  Language;


  // ⭐ NEU: Status anzeigen
  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 35, importance: #HIGH, criticality: 'Status' }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 35 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 40 }]
  Status;
}

Aktivieren!

Schritt 7: Service Binding neu publishen

  1. Öffne ZUI_BOOK_O4 (Service Binding)
  2. Unpublish klicken
  3. Publish klicken

Schritt 8: Testen! 🎉

  1. Preview öffnen
  2. Buch erstellen
  3. Buttons erscheinen:
    • “Lesen starten” (nur bei Status = Neu)
    • “Als gelesen markieren” (nur bei Status = Lese ich gerade)
    • “Status zurücksetzen” (nicht bei Neu)

Probiere es aus:

  • Klicke “Lesen starten” → Status ändert sich zu “Lese ich gerade”
  • Jetzt erscheint “Als gelesen markieren”
  • Validierung testen: Gib ISBN mit Buchstaben ein → Fehler!

Feature 2: Value Help (Dropdown für Status)

Aktuell muss man den Status manuell eingeben. Besser: Dropdown mit Auswahl!

Schritt 1: Domain Fixed Values erstellen

In ZC_BOOK Metadata Extension:

annotate view ZC_BOOK with
{
  // ... andere Felder ...


  @UI.lineItem: [{ position: 35, importance: #HIGH }]
  @UI.identification: [{ position: 35 }]
  @UI.selectionField: [{ position: 40 }]
  @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{
    entity: { name: 'I_Status_VH', element: 'StatusCode' }
  }]
  Status;
}

Besser: Custom Value Help via CDS View

Erstelle neue Data Definition ZI_BOOK_STATUS_VH:

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Value Help für Buch-Status'


define view entity ZI_BOOK_STATUS_VH
  as select from DDCDS_CUSTOMER_DOMAIN_VALUE_T(
    p_domain_name: 'ZBOOK_STATUS'
  )
{
  @ObjectModel.text.element: ['Description']
  key domain_name    as DomainName,
  key value_position as ValuePosition,
      @Semantics.language: true
  key language       as Language,
      value_low      as StatusCode,
      text           as Description
}

Alternativ: Einfachere Version ohne Domain

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Book Status Value Help'


define view entity ZI_BOOK_STATUS_VH
  as select from I_Language
{
  key 'N' as StatusCode,
      cast( 'Neu' as abap.char(20) ) as StatusText
}
union select from I_Language
{
  key 'R' as StatusCode,
      cast( 'Lese ich gerade' as abap.char(20) ) as StatusText
}
union select from I_Language
{
  key 'F' as StatusCode,
      cast( 'Gelesen' as abap.char(20) ) as StatusText
}

Aktivieren und in Metadata Extension referenzieren:

@Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{
  entity: { name: 'ZI_BOOK_STATUS_VH', element: 'StatusCode' }
}]
Status;

🎯 Was haben wir gelernt?

Actions

  • Definition: action startReading result [1] $self;
  • Feature Control: Buttons dynamisch verfügbar machen
  • Implementation: MODIFY ENTITIES zum Status ändern
  • UI: Actions in @UI.lineItem anzeigen

Validations

  • Wann: on save (vor Speichern) oder on modify (sofort)
  • Felder prüfen: ISBN-Format, Seitenzahl > 0
  • Fehler melden: failed + reported befüllen
  • UI: Felder rot markieren, Fehlermeldung anzeigen

Determinations

  • Wann: on modify { create; } (bei Anlage)
  • Zweck: Default-Werte setzen (z.B. Status = ‘N’)
  • Implementation: MODIFY ENTITIES zum Setzen

Feature Control

  • Dynamische Buttons: Basierend auf Daten (z.B. Status)
  • Method: get_instance_features
  • Logik: if_abap_behv=>fc-o-enabled vs. disabled

🚀 Nächste Schritte

In Teil 3: Best Practices:

  • Performance-Optimierung (SELECT Performance, EML Batching)
  • Error Handling & Logging
  • Unit Testing für RAP
  • Deployment & Versionierung
  • Häufige Fehler vermeiden

📚 Code-Übersicht

Neue/Geänderte Objekte:

  • ✅ ZBOOK_TAB (Status-Feld hinzugefügt)
  • ✅ ZI_BOOK (Status, StatusText)
  • ✅ ZC_BOOK (Status exposen)
  • ✅ BDEF Interface (Actions, Validations, Determinations)
  • ✅ BDEF Projection (Actions exposen)
  • ✅ ZBP_I_BOOK (Implementation)
  • ✅ Metadata Extension (UI-Annotations für Actions)

💬 Fragen?

  • Funktionieren die Actions?
  • Validations werden korrekt angezeigt?
  • Welche Business-Logik möchtest du noch hinzufügen?

Weiter mit Teil 3: Best Practices →