Visual Studio Code für ABAP Cloud: Der komplette Guide 2025

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@EndUserText.label: 'Booking - Interface View'

define view entity ZI_Booking
  as select from zbooking
  association to parent ZI_Travel as _Travel
    on $projection.TravelId = _Travel.TravelId
{
  key travel_id     as TravelId,
  key booking_id    as BookingId,
      booking_date  as BookingDate,
      customer_id   as CustomerId,
      carrier_id    as CarrierId,
      connection_id as ConnectionId,
      flight_date   as FlightDate,

      @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'CurrencyCode'
      flight_price  as FlightPrice,

      @Semantics.currencyCode: true
      currency_code as CurrencyCode,

      // Associations
      _Travel
}

managed implementation in class zbp_i_travel unique;
strict ( 2 );
with draft;

define behavior for ZI_Travel alias Travel
persistent table ztravel
draft table zd_travel
lock master
total etag LastChangedAt
authorization master ( instance )
{
  // CRUD Operations
  create;
  update;
  delete;

  // Field Properties
  field ( readonly ) TravelId;
  field ( readonly ) CreatedBy, CreatedAt;
  field ( mandatory ) AgencyId, CustomerId;

  // Actions
  action acceptTravel result [1] $self;
  action rejectTravel result [1] $self;

  // Validations
  validation validateDates on save { field BeginDate, EndDate; }
  validation validateCustomer on save { field CustomerId; }

  // Determinations
  determination setStatusNew on modify { create; }
  determination calculateTotal on modify { field FlightPrice; }

  // Draft
  draft action Edit;
  draft action Activate;
  draft action Discard;
  draft action Resume;
  draft determine action Prepare;

  // Associations
  association _Bookings { create; with draft; }
}

define behavior for ZI_Booking alias Booking
persistent table zbooking
draft table zd_booking
lock dependent by _Travel
authorization dependent by _Travel
{
  update;
  delete;

  field ( readonly ) TravelId, BookingId;

  association _Travel { with draft; }
}

CLASS zcl_travel_handler DEFINITION
  PUBLIC
  FINAL
  CREATE PUBLIC.

  PUBLIC SECTION.
    INTERFACES if_oo_adt_classrun.

    CLASS-METHODS:
      accept_travel
        IMPORTING
          iv_travel_id    TYPE /dmo/travel_id
        EXPORTING
          es_travel       TYPE zi_travel
          et_messages     TYPE bapiret2_t
        RAISING
          cx_static_check,

      get_open_travels
        RETURNING
          VALUE(rt_travels) TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF zi_travel.

  PROTECTED SECTION.
  PRIVATE SECTION.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS zcl_travel_handler IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD if_oo_adt_classrun~main.
    " Schneller Test direkt aus VS Code
    DATA(lt_travels) = get_open_travels( ).
    out->write( |{ lines( lt_travels ) } offene Reisen gefunden| ).

    LOOP AT lt_travels INTO DATA(ls_travel).
      out->write( |{ ls_travel-TravelId }: { ls_travel-Description }| ).
    ENDLOOP.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD accept_travel.
    " EML: Daten lesen und Action ausführen
    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zi_travel
      ENTITY Travel
        EXECUTE acceptTravel FROM VALUE #( ( TravelId = iv_travel_id ) )
      FAILED DATA(ls_failed)
      REPORTED DATA(ls_reported)
      MAPPED DATA(ls_mapped).

    IF ls_failed IS INITIAL.
      COMMIT ENTITIES
        RESPONSE OF zi_travel
        FAILED DATA(commit_failed)
        REPORTED DATA(commit_reported).

      " Aktualisierte Daten lesen
      READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel
        ENTITY Travel
          ALL FIELDS
          WITH VALUE #( ( TravelId = iv_travel_id ) )
        RESULT DATA(lt_travel).

      es_travel = lt_travel[ 1 ].
    ELSE.
      " Fehler konvertieren
      et_messages = VALUE #( FOR msg IN ls_reported-travel
        ( type       = 'E'
          id         = 'Z_TRAVEL'
          number     = '001'
          message_v1 = CONV #( msg-%msg->if_message~get_text( ) ) ) ).
    ENDIF.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD get_open_travels.
    " RAP-konformer Zugriff via EML
    READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel
      ENTITY Travel
        ALL FIELDS
        WITH VALUE #( FOR i = 1 WHILE i <= 100 ( TravelId = |{ i WIDTH = 8 ALIGN = RIGHT PAD = '0' }| ) )
      RESULT DATA(lt_all_travels).

    " Filtern in ABAP (oder besser: in CDS View mit WHERE-Bedingung)
    rt_travels = VALUE #( FOR travel IN lt_all_travels
                          WHERE ( Status = 'O' )
                          ( travel ) ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

METHOD validateCustomer.
  READ ENTITIES OF zi_travel IN LOCAL MODE
    ENTITY Travel
      FIELDS ( CustomerId )
      WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )
    RESULT DATA(lt_travel).

  LOOP AT lt_travel INTO DATA(ls_travel).
    " Breakpoint hier setzen (F9)
    IF ls_travel-CustomerId IS INITIAL.
      " Debugger stoppt hier
      APPEND VALUE #( ... ) TO failed-travel.
    ENDIF.
  ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.

CLASS ltc_travel_handler DEFINITION FINAL
  FOR TESTING
  DURATION SHORT
  RISK LEVEL HARMLESS.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA mo_cut TYPE REF TO zcl_travel_handler.
    DATA mo_env TYPE REF TO if_cds_test_environment.

    METHODS:
      setup,
      teardown,
      accept_travel_success FOR TESTING RAISING cx_static_check,
      accept_travel_not_found FOR TESTING RAISING cx_static_check.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS ltc_travel_handler IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD setup.
    " Test Double für RAP BO
    mo_env = cl_cds_test_environment=>create_for_multiple_cds(
      i_for_entities = VALUE #(
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_Travel' )
        ( i_for_entity = 'ZI_Booking' )
      )
    ).

    " Testdaten einfügen
    mo_env->insert_test_data(
      i_data = VALUE zi_travel(
        ( TravelId = '00000001' Status = 'O' CustomerId = '000042' )
        ( TravelId = '00000002' Status = 'A' CustomerId = '000043' )
      )
    ).

    CREATE OBJECT mo_cut.
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD teardown.
    mo_env->destroy( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD accept_travel_success.
    " Arrange
    DATA(lv_travel_id) = '00000001'.

    " Act
    zcl_travel_handler=>accept_travel(
      EXPORTING iv_travel_id = lv_travel_id
      IMPORTING es_travel    = DATA(ls_travel)
                et_messages  = DATA(lt_messages)
    ).

    " Assert
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_initial(
      act = lt_messages
      msg = 'Es sollten keine Fehler auftreten'
    ).

    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      exp = 'A'
      act = ls_travel-Status
      msg = 'Status sollte auf Accepted (A) gesetzt sein'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD accept_travel_not_found.
    " Arrange
    DATA(lv_invalid_id) = '99999999'.

    " Act
    zcl_travel_handler=>accept_travel(
      EXPORTING iv_travel_id = lv_invalid_id
      IMPORTING et_messages  = DATA(lt_messages)
    ).

    " Assert
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_not_initial(
      act = lt_messages
      msg = 'Fehler sollte gemeldet werden'
    ).
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.